Scanning electron microscopy approach for evaluation of hair dyed with Lawsonia inermis powder: in vitro Study / Método de microscopía electrónica de barrido para la evaluación de cabello teñido con extracto de Lawsonia inermis: estudio in vitro

During aging, usually graying of the hair occurs as a result of oxidative stress. Driven by social acceptance and self-perception of the exterior appearance, both men and women rely on hair dyeing products, in order to mask the graying hair. At the same time, a frequent use of synthetic products and treatment can damage the hair shaft; for this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological effect of the herbal dye derived from Lawsonia inermis (henna), on hair. Dyed hairs were evaluated by means of SEM. Subsequently, they were compared, qualitatively and quantitatively, with undyed hairs. Results showed a positive impact on the cuticula pattern and on the diameters of the examined samples, after henna application. Different results, about the degree and the type of morphological changes occurring on pigmented hairs, may depend on the phenotype and on the health condition of hair, before dye treatment.

Durante el envejecimiento, generalmente se produce el envejecimiento del cabello como resultado del estrés oxidativo. Motivados por la aceptación social y la autopercepción de la apariencia, tanto hombres como mujeres confían en productos para teñir el cabello para enmascarar las canas. Al mismo tiempo, el uso frecuente de productos y tratamientos sintéticos puede dañar el tallo del cabello. Por esta razón, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto morfológico del tinte derivado de Lawsonia inermis (henna) en el cabello. Los cabellos teñidos se evaluaron mediante SEM. Posteriormente, se compararon, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, con cabellos sin teñir. Los resultados mostraron un impacto positivo en el patrón de la cutícula y en los diámetros de las muestras examinadas, después de la aplicación de henna. Los diferentes resultados, sobre el grado y el tipo de cambios morfológicos que ocurren en los cabellos pigmentados, pueden depender del fenotipo y del estado de salud del cabello, antes del tratamiento con tinte.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Pigmented Contact Dermatitis Caused by Henna Dyeing / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Henna is a natural dye derived from the leaves of the tree Lawsonia inermis known for its very low allergic properties. Recently, however, cases of pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing have been increasing. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and histologic features of pigmented contact dermatitis caused by henna dyeing. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histopathologic features of patients diagnosed with pigmented contact dermatitis after henna dyeing from June 2014 to August 2017. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a history of henna dyeing were included. All patients were female, and mean age was 58.9±8.2 years. They presented with rapidly spreading dark brownish patches located mostly adjacent to the hairline, such as at the forehead, temple, and lateral cheek. The mean duration between symptom onset and henna dyeing was 4.52 months (0~15). Standard patch test and as is test using henna showed no significant results. There were 18 patients with pruritus, which was only present at the early stage. Histopathologic examinations showed lichenoid inflammation with dermal melanin incontinence, vacuolar alteration, epidermal apoptotic cells, and perivascular inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pigmented contact dermatitis observed after henna dyeing was caused by the toxicity of henna itself, not by other additives. The active ingredient of henna is lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), which may have induced pigmented contact dermatitis by its own cellular toxicity. Dermatologists should consider henna dyeing as a potential cause of pigmentation of the face and neck.

Naphthoquinones: biological properties and synthesis of lawsone and derivatives- a structured review / Naftoquinonas: propiedades biológicas y síntesis de lawsona y derivados ­ una revisión estructurada

Background: Naphthoquinones are natural pigments that are widely distributed in nature and have important biological activities. Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) and its synthetic derivatives, and especially those containing nitrogen, have promising potential for the treatment of different diseases due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and antiparasitic effects, and for pest control via their molluscicidal and insecticidal activities. Their pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action are related to their oxide/reduction and acid/base properties, and can be modulated by directly adding a substituted to the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring. Due to this, naphthoquinones and their derivatives are at the center of multiple areas of research. In this manuscript, we present a structured review of lawsone, a hydroxyl derivative of naphthoquinone, and discuss relevant reports about the chemistry and synthesis of derivatives. Finally, we present the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action reported. Objective: The purpose of this review is to present recent reports from the literature about the chemistry, synthesis and pharmacological properties of lawsone and its amine derivatives. Methods: This structured review presents a discussion about lawsone literature over the last ten years. The most representative studies including those about the chemistry of lawsone, the synthesis of its derivatives, and pharmacological properties were identified and selected. The information has been compiled, organized and presented into logical topics in order to provide a current review for the field of lawsone chemistry. Results: A general overview of the principal aspects of lawsone chemistry, the synthesis of its derivatives and their pharmacological activities and mechanism of action has been obtained. This provides researchers in the area with a framework from which to investigate further. Conclusions: Lawsone and its derivatives have promising potential for treating several diseases due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and antiparasitic effects and have the potential to control pests via their molluscicidal and insecticidal properties. For this reason, it would be of interest to evaluate the synthetic derivatives of this compound for their pharmacologic actions; in the future, synthetic derivatives of lawsone could potentially be used to treat disease and be used as pesticides.

Advances in studies on chemical constituents and biological activities of Lawsonia inermis / 中国中药杂志

Lawsonia inermis is a single-species genus of the Lythraceae family, its leaves, stem bark, roots, flowers and seeds have been used in traditional medicine. It has been paid more attention by scholars from many countries because of their various types of compounds and significant physiological activities. The plant is reported to contain quinones, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and fatty acids. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the plant performs antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and antiparasitic activity. This article mainly summarizes the research advances of chemical constituents and biological activities of Lawsonia inermis, for its further development and utilization.

Antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted organic solvent extracts of fruits, flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. from Jaffna

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted different cold organic solvent extracts of fruits, flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis (L. against) some pathogenic bacteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Powders of fruits, flowers and leaves of L. inermis were continuously extracted with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate and ethanol at ambient temperature. The dried extracts were prepared into different concentrations and tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method, and also the extracts were tested to determine the available phytochemicals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Except DCM extract of flower all other test extracts revealed inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria and their inhibitory effect differed significantly (P<0.05). The highest inhibitory effect was showed by ethyl acetate extract of flower against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and ethyl acetate extract of fruit on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). The ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of flower, fruit and leaf expressed inhibition even at 1 mg/100 µl against all test bacteria. Among the tested phytochemicals flavonoids were detected in all test extracts except DCM extract of flower.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of fruit and flower of L. inermis are potentially better source of antibacterial agents compared to leaf extracts of respective solvents.</p>

Search of new Antimitotics compounds from the Cuban flora / Búsqueda de nuevos compuestos con actividad antimitótica en la flora cubana

The main objective of anti-carcinogenic chemotherapy is to stop uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This has prompted us to begin a systematic survey of new effective inhibitors with ability to react with cytoskeletal components and arrest living, dividing cells. Even for traditional populations herbs-consuming, encouraging the use of species with chemopreventive actions could be helpful as part of life expectancy improvement strategies. Herbal products have significantly lower costs, exhibit little or no toxicity during long-term oral administration and are relatively available at large scale. Current work involved the screening of 85 extracts from Cuban medicinal plants, selected on the basis of traditional use, ethnobotanics and pharmacological information (antiparasitic, antitumour, abortive, etc.). Antitubulinic activity in the hydroalcoholics extracts was evaluated by using a modified version of the conventional turbidity assay of tubulin assembly/ disassembly. The activity limits of the news isolated antitubulin agents were thoroughly investigated. According to the presented results, the extracts displaying the highest antitubulinic activity were Tamarindus indica L., Lawsonia inermes L and Xanthium strumarium L.

Detener la proliferación celular es el principal propósito de la quimioterapia anticarcinogénica. Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda a partir de fuentes naturales de nuevos inhibidores efectivos que reaccionen con los componentes del citoesqueleto y puedan detener la división celular. En poblaciones que tradicionalmente utilizan plantas medicinales se estimula el uso de aquellas especies con acción quimiopreventivas como parte de una estrategia que contribuya a la calidad de vida. Los productos herbarios tienen costos significativamente más bajos, exhiben poca o ninguna toxicidad durante la administración oral a largo plazo y están al alcance de todos. Nuestro trabajo consistió en realizar un tamizaje de 85 extractos de plantas medicinales cubanas seleccionadas en base al uso tradicional, en las encuestas etnobotánicas e información farmacológica (actividad antiparasitaria, antitumoral, abortiva, etc). La actividad antitubulínica fue evaluada mediante una versión modificada del ensayo turbimétrico del ensamblaje/desensamblaje de la tubulina. Se determinó la actividad límite de los nuevos agentes antitubulínicos siendo los extractos de Tamarindus indica L., Lawsonia inermes L and Xanthium strumarium L. los de mejor actividad antitubulínica según las condiciones ensayadas.

Free radical scavenging and reducing power of Lawsonia inermis L. seeds

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of Petroleum ether extract (PE), Dichloromethane extract (DCM), Ethanol extract (ET) and aqueous extract (AQ) of henna seeds.@*METHODS@#Total antioxidant assay (phosphomolybenum method), DPPH radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were used to ascertain the potential of seeds as an antioxidant.@*RESULTS@#In all the assays carried out ET showed a greater potential to scavenge DPPH radical, reduce MO (VI) to MO (V) complex and Fe (III) to Fe (II) and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The IC(50) of ET was far greater than that of the standard, ascorbic acid (AS) in the lipid peroxidation assay. The activity of AQ was lesser when compared with that of ET but greater than PE and DCM. The amount of phenolics and flavonoids were present in higher amounts in ET followed by AQ. Trace amounts of phenolics were detected in PE and DCM, but the amount of flavonoids were below the detection level. The study showed that the antioxidant activity and the concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids are proportionate to each other.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ethanolic extract of henna seeds are efficient antioxidants, which can be utilized for further isolation of active compounds and pharmaceutical applications.

Dermatitis alérgica de contacto por tatuajes temporales de henna negra / Allergic contact dermatitis for temporary black henna tattoos

Cada vez es más frecuente la realización de seudotatuajes de henna de color negro en la población pediátrica y la incidencia de efectos adversos se incrementa significativamente. La henna negra no existe de forma natural; se obtiene a partir de la henna original por añadido de otros compuestos, entre ellos, la parafenilendiamina (PPD), que oscurece y facilita mayor precisión en el dibujo del tatuaje. La PPD posee un gran poder sensibilizante y es un conocido inductor de dermatitis alérgicas de contacto. Puede ocasionar reacciones locales persistentes, secuelas por hiperpigmentación/hipopigmentación, así como futuros problemas debido a que se encuentra presente en múltiples productos de la vida cotidiana. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 11 años con dermatitis alérgica de contacto a tatuaje de henna negra con pruebas epicutáneas positivas para PPD, para alertar sobre el riesgo de estetipo de seudotatuajes.

Temporary ‘black henna’ tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated witha growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizerand increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentarysequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergiccontact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.

Contact dermatitis with henna tattoo.

Allergic and irritant reactions to henna are rare. Para-phenylenediamine, which is sometimes added to obtain a dark, blackish henna, causes the majority of contact dermatitis reported related with tattoos. Allergic contact dermatitis due to temporary paint-on tattoo with black henna is described in two adolescents.

[Comparision effectivness of extracts of thyme, yarrow, henna and garlic on cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. major in animal model [BALB/C]]

Leishmaniasis is not as severe as other diseases, often lesions are selfhealing. For various reason as long lasting duration of lesions and treatment, disfiguring scar reminding, secondary infection in lesions, have comfortable treatment method and accessible with less cost, it is necessary various method of treatment with less side effect. The results of previous studies showed that Indoleanalogues, Terpens, Iridoids, Quinones and Alkaloid hemisynthetic derivatives have promising antileishmanial potential. These derivatives were found in Thyme, Henna Yarrow and Garlic. Access to formulation drug without harmful chemical material and without side effect. After Inoculation of parasite in base tail of mice, during of three weeks caused lesions in inoculation place, then animal divided to 9 groups. In this study we used 4 alchoholic extract solution 2 times a day. we checked lesions weekly for six week and meseaured size of lesion in the base of tail with kulis - vernieh. Data of study analyzed with Anova, Paired t test and schefeh. We observed significant difference between mean of lesion in before and after treatment in control, Yarrow [Bomadaran] and Thyme [Avishan] groups [p<0.05]. Paired t test showed that there were not significant difference between mean of lesion in after treatment between groups of treatment and glucantime groups [p>0.05]. Alchoholic extract to Avishan and Boomadaran have good effect on lesions treatment, we suggest that the study could be repeated with Thyme [Avishan] and Yarrow [Bomadaran] extract in gel or cream base in first stage of lesions appearance

Dermatitis de contacto alérgica por tatuaje de henna / Allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoo

Se presenta un caso de reacción de contacto por la realización de un tatuaje de henna en un paciente pediátrico y se alerta sobre las posibles complicaciones a corto y largo plazo de este procedimiento. Se trata de una niña de 12 años de edad que presentó una dermatitis de contacto después de haberse realizado un tatuaje temporario de henna. Realizó tratamiento con corticoide tópico con mejoría gradual y posterior aparición de una mácula hipocrómica residual post inflamatoria. El test epicutáneo realizado fue positivo para la parafenilenodiamina. La moda del tatuaje de henna se ha hecho común en la edad pediátrica y muchos casos de dermatitis por contacto por henna han sido descriptos en niños. Este procedimiento produce reacciones locales persistentes, erupciones símil eritema multiforme y secuelas pigmentarias, así como problemas con la futura utilización de las tinturas para el cabello debido a la sensibilización a la parafenilenodiamina. Consideramos que la comunicación de este caso es de importancia para alertar al pediatra y al dermatólogo sobre las posibles complicaciones de este procedimiento.

We present a pediatric case of contact reaction to henna tattoo, alerting of the possible short and long-term complications of this kind of procedure. We describe a 12-year-old girl with a contact dermatitis after applying a temporary henna tattoo. There was gradual improvement with the use of topical corticosteroid and evolution to residual hypochromy. Patch test was positive to paraphenilenodiamine. "Temporary tattomania" with henna is getting to the pediatric population and many cases of henna contact dermatitis have been described in children. They may present as long lasting local reactions, erythema multiform-like lesions and pigmentary sequels apart from problems with the future use of hair dyers as a result of sensitization by paraphenilenodiamine. Thus we believe that the presentation of this case is an opportunity to inform the pediatricians and dermatologists about the possibility of these complications.

In vitroactivity of certain drugs in combination with plant extracts against staphylococcus aureus infections

This study has been done to evaluate the interaction between ethanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria [seed], Psidium guajava [Leaf], Lawsonid inermis [Leaf] and Sacropoterium spinosum [seed] and antimicrobial drugs including oxytetracycline HCl, enrbfloxacin, gentamicin sulphate and sulfadimethoxine against four clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]. Evaluation of the interaction between ethanolic extracts and different antimicrobial agents has been done using well-diffusion method. It showed that ethanolic extracts increase the inhibition zones of oxytetracycline HCl, gentamicin sulphate, and sulfadimethoxine, while combinations between these plant extracts and enrofloxacin decrease inhibition zone. This study probably suggests the possibility of concurrent use of these antimicrobial drugs and plant extracts in combination in treating infections caused by S. aureus strains or at least the concomitant administration may not impair the antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics

Effects of henna leaf [lawsonia inermis] on biochemical and pathological alterations in chemically-induced cancer breast in albino female rats

Breast cancer is one of the most common and treatable of all-human malignancies. The development of breast cancer is associated with oxidative stress, Henna leaf [Lawsonia inermis,] has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effect as well. This study is designed to investigate the effects of henna leaf on the chemically-induced cancer breast in albino female rats. Thirty albino female rats of 45 F days age were used. The animals were divided into three groups 10 animals each. Group I [control group], group II received the carcinogenic substance 7, 12-dimethyl benz [a] anthracene [DMBA,] intraperitonially, in single dose of 10 mg that can induce palpable mammary masses within 90 days and group III received the carcinogenic substance by the same concentrations, duration and the same route as in group II till induced palpable mammary masses then treated orally once daily for one month with 200 mg/kg body weight of henna leaf extract. Blood samples were collected from the three groups and the serum used for determination of estradiol hormone and lipid bound sialic acid. The animals then sacrificed and specimens were taken from the breast tumor tissues and tissue homogenate was done for determination of nitric oxide [NO] and total glutathione. Another specimen was taken from the breast tumor tissues and processed for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Group II showed that DMBA administration caused a significant increase in the serum level of both estradiol and lipid bound sialic acid, Also, DMBA induced a significant increase in the level of NO and a significant decrease in the level of total glutathione in breast tumor tissues homogenate. The palpable masses were rubbery in consistency, whitish cut surface with focal ulceration of the overlying skin. Mammary adenocarcinomas with a prevailing cribriform pattern were seen in DMBA treated group. Group III showed that treatment with henna induced a significant decrease of serum estradiol level as well as a decrease in the serum level of lipid bound sialic acid. Also henna caused a significant decrease in NO and a significant increase in the level of total glutathione in breast tumor tissues homogenate. As regard the lesions size there were marked reduction in them in all animals. Histologically, group III breast masses showed extensive areas of necrosis, and exhibited stromal reaction composed of admixture of lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and fibroblasts [signs of regression,]. Histopathological assessment also demonstrated cellular morphological features of apoptosis in both malignant and dysplastic cells. We can conclude that the effects of henna leaf on breast cancer induced chemically by DMBA are incomplete and exerted mainly through a decrease of free radicals and increase in the antioxidant level

In vitro hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of some indigenous plants

Pakistan is rich in medicinally important plants and has ancient herbal treatment methods. Present work is based on the study of six indigenous plants Eugenia jambolana, Lawsonia inermis, Momordica charantia, Morus alba, Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum graecum which show the inhibitory effect of glucose utilization, and are in use as hypoglycemic agents of varying degree in traditional system of medicine. The glucose uptake activity of [methanolic extracts] of these plants was tested in vitro and glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method. The results in three different media revealed that, hypoglycemic activity is more prominent in neutral and basic media as compared to acidic medium

Antibacterial Screening of Aegle Marmelos; Lawsonia Inermis and Albizzia Libbeck

Three medicinal plant Aegle marmelos; Lawsonia inermis; Albizzia libbeck were extracted by soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether; ethanol; chloroform and aqueous as solvent. Among those extract; the petroleum ether was considered as effective one. The extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and the three plants with four extracts were tested against three Gram positive bacteria (B.cereus; B.subtilis; S. aureus) and three Gram negative bacteria (E.coli; P.vulgaris; and P.aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Maximum inhibition (3.8cm) was recorded in Lawsonia inermis. It also showed inhibitory action against all the six pathogen tested. The zone of inhibition of the extracts was compared with the standard antibiotics Streptomycin and Spectinomycin. The study suggests that the plant is promising the development of phytomedicine for antimicrobial properties

Dermatite de contato por tatuagem de henna - relato de três casos / Contact dermatitis to henna skin tattoo: a three - case report

Dermatite de contato à henna é raramente descrito. A maioria dos casos de dermatite está associada a aditivos nos fixadores da henna, especialmente a parafenileno diamina (PPD). Essa substância é adicionada para reduzir o tempo de fixação da tatuagem e realçar sua cor escura. Relatamos três casos de dermatite de contato alérgica por reação à tatuagem de henna associada à parafenileno diamina.

Effect of glycyrrhiza [glycyrrhiza glabra] and henna [lawsonia inermis] plant wastes on controlling the root-Knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita on eggplant [solanum melongena]

Dry powdered root of glycyrrhiza and henna leaf powder were applied at the rates of 0.1, 1 and 10 g/pot for controlling Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant cv. Pusa Purple Long under greenhouse conditions. The higher rates [1 and 10 g] of glycyrrhiza did not decrease the number of galls and eggmasses, and plant growth parameters increased over those of the check. In contrast, increasing rates of henna powder reduced the numbers of galls and eggmasses in an increasing manner. Meanwhile, plant growth parameters insignificantly decreased in comparison with the check. Lower C/N ratio appeared to affect microbial activity resulting in lowering nematode population

Protective effect of Lawsonia alba Lam., against CCl4 induced hepatic damage in albino rats.

The oral administration in varying doses of aqueous suspension of extract of L. alba, bark extract to rats for 10 days afforded good hepatoprotection against CCl4 induced elevation in serum marker enzymes, serum bilirubin, liver lipid peroxidation and reduction in total serum protein, liver glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, glycogen, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The results suggest hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of extract of L. alba bark.

Effects of Plant Extracts on Conidial Germination, Mycelial Growth and Sporulation of Fungi Isolated From Poultry Feed

Effect of ethanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica, Vinca rosea, Tagetes patula, Ocimum sanctum, Colocasia antiquorum, Adhatoda vasica, Moringa oleifera, Datura metel and Curcuma longa leaf on conidial germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus were examined. The conidial germination of A. flavus and A. fumigatus were most inhibited by the extract of L. inermis, while that of A. niger was inhibited by A. indica. Other tested plant extracts have a good effect on conidial germination on the selected fungi. The highest mycelial growth of A. flavus (37 mm) was found in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus it (38 and 39 mm) was found in D. metel. The lowest (4, 9 and 6 mm) respectively mycelial growth of these fungi found in L. inermis. The highest sporulation (75 x 10(4)/ml) of A. flavus was counted in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus those (45 x 10(4) and 55 x 10(4)/ml) were in D. metel and the lowest (5 x 10(4), 12 x 10(4) and 9 x 10(4)/ml) respectively sporulation of these fungi counted in L. inermis plant extract medium.